When you create a formula, references to cells or ranges are usually based on their position relative to the cell that contains the formula. For example, cell B6 contains the formula =A5, Excel finds the value one cell above and one cell to the left of B6. When you copy a formula that uses relative references, Excel automatically adjusts the references in the pasted formula to refer to different cells relative to the position of the formula.
Absolute reference
If your formula multiplies cell A5 with cell C1 (=A5*C1) and you copy the formula to another cell, Excel will adjust both references. You can create an absolute reference to cell C1 by placing a dollar sign ($) before the parts of the reference that do not change. To create an absolute reference to cell C1, for example, add dollar signs to the formula as follows: =A5*$C$1. The $ character indicates to Excel that it should not increment the column and/or row reference as you fill a range with a formula or as you copy a range.
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